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PRONY, (GASPARD CLAIR FRANCOIS RICHE de).

Mécanique Philosophique, ou Analyse Raisonnée des diverses parties de la Science de l'Équilibre et du Mouvement. - [FROM NAPOLEON'S LIBRARY]

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60104
Paris, Imprimerie de la République, an VIII [i.e. 1800]. 4to. Bound in a lovely full mottled calf binding with fine, gilt ornamental borders to boards, double gilt line-borders to all edges of boards and a richly gilt spine. Spine with gilt red leather title-label and with the gilt monogram of Joséphine and Napoléon - "JB" - to lower spine. Neatly rebacked. With a handwritten inscription for Napoleon to title-page "Au Citoyen Bonaparte/ premier Consul de la République francaise/ De la part du Conseil [de]/ L'Ecole Polythechnique", with a signature underneath and the stamp of the Ecole Polytechnique. The inscription is slighly cropped at the outer margin. A bit of brownspotting here and there. (4), VII, (1), 477, (3) pp.

First edition, original offprint from Journal Polytechnique, Tome III, Cahiers 7 & 8, of Prony's magnum opus "Mécanique phlilosophique". The three parts here are all that appeared, as the planned two parts announced on the verso of the extra title-page never appeared. A truly splendid copy from Napoleon's library, with the gilt monogram of him and Joséphine from the library at Malmaison and with a presentation-inscription for Napoléon, which is rare. Books from the library at Malmaison do occasionally appear on the market, although they are rare. They are usually taken to be mainly Joséphine's, as she spent more time there. This, however, is a rare exception. First, we know that Napoléon actually did spend time at Malmaison at the time that he was given the present volume, around 1800, second, it bears an inscription for him, which is rare, determining for a fact that this was one of his books, not Joséphine's. Together with the Tuileries, Malmaison was the French government's headquarters from 1800 to 1802, exactly the time that Napoleon will have been given the present book and incorporated it in his library. Many of the books at the Malmaison library were books on things like gardening that Joséphine cared a great deal about. These were clearly her books. And some of the books, like the present, were clearly those of Napoleon himself. Napoleon was a voracious reader and he spent much time in his library studying his books. He had a personal librarian, always travelled with books, and took pride in constructing portable libraries as well as the rooms for his own actual library. On 9 July 1800, he gave the commission for a study to be built in place of the three small rooms situated on the south corner pavilion of Malmaison. Fontaine removed the partition walls and commissioned the Jacob brothers to make the teak woodwork. On 18 September, Fontaine wrote: “Everything is now in place, and even though the First Consul found that the room looked like a church sacristy, he was nevertheless forced to admit that it would have been difficult to do better in such an unsuitable space”. The paintings of the great ancient and classical authors which surround Apollo and Minerva on the ceiling were probably executed by Lafitte. Napoleon had been an avid reader since he was quite young, and when he began studying at the École Militaire in Paris, he continued to read classics, literature, and philosophy, as he would throughout his life, but he also read more scientifically and strategically aimed books. “His appetite for reading books continued as he rose in power. In 1798, about to depart on the Egyptian campaign, he gave Bourrienne a list of books he wanted in his camp library. These included works in Sciences and Arts (e.g., Treatise on Fortifications), Geography and Travels (e.g., Cook’s Voyages), History (e.g., Thucydides, Frederick II), Poetry (e.g., Ossian, Tasso, Ariosto), Novels (e.g., Voltaire, Héloïse, Werther and 40 volumes of “English novels”), and Politics and Morals (the Bible, the Koran, the Vedas, etc.)” (Shannon Selin: Bonaparte the Book Worm), giving us a great insight into his preferences at the time. Prony, with his great Mechanical Philosophy, will have fallen perfectly amongst these great writers, when Napoleon returned to Malmaison, combining politics, science, and philosophy. It is not difficult to see how Napoleon will have been intrigued by mechanical philosophy, which is a form of natural philosophy that compares the universe to a large-scale mechanism. Mechanical philosophy is associated with the scientific revolution of Early Modern Europe, and one of the first expositions of universal mechanism is found in the opening passages of Hobbes’s Leviathan. Prony, in the present work, argues that mechanical principles in the practical arts themselves call for philosophical analysis. Baron Gaspard de Prony (1755-1839) was a French mathematician and engineer. He was educated at the Benedictine College at Toissei in Doubs. From there, he entered the École des Ponts et Chaussés in 1776, where he studied engineering until graduating in 1779. “In 1780 he became an engineer with the École des Ponts et Chaussés and after three years in a number of different regions of France he returned to the École des Ponts et Chaussés in Paris 1783. This was the same year he published his first major work in the Académie des Sciences on the forces on arches. Monge was impressed with this paper and realised that de Prony was someone of great potential. In 1785 de Prony visited England on a project to obtain an accurate measurement of the relative positions of the Greenwich Observatory and the Paris Observatory. Two years later he was promoted to inspector at the École des Ponts et Chaussés. Around this time he was involved with the work on the Louis XVI Bridge in Paris which is now called the Pont de la Concorde. Further promotion in 1790 was followed the next year by his being appointed Engineer-in-Chief of the École des Ponts et Chaussés. This promotion was as a result of the opening of the Louis XVI Bridge. Also around 1791 de Prony was working on geometry with Pierre Girard. Then in 1792, de Prony began a major task of producing logarithmic and trigonometric tables, the Cadastre. With the assistance of Legendre, Carnot and other mathematicians, and between 70 to 80 assistants, the work was undertaken over a period of years, being completed in 1801. […] In 1794 the École Centrale des Travaux Publics was founded by and was directed by Carnot and Monge. It was renamed the École Polytechnique in 1795 and de Prony was certainly one of the main lectures by this time. He is listed among the first teachers at the university […] In 1798 de Prony refused Napoleon's request that he join his army of invasion to Egypt. Fourier, Monge and Malus had agreed to be part of the expeditionary force and Napoleon was angry that de Prony would not come. It did mean that de Prony was to fail to receive the honours he deserved from Napoleon but de Prony's wife was a close friend of Joséphine and this probably saved de Prony from anything worse. In 1798 de Prony achieved his ambition of being appointed director of the École des Ponts et Chaussés. His desire for this post was almost certainly a main reason for his refusing to join Napoleon. As director he began producing a number of important texts on mathematical physics.” (From University of St. Andrews scientific biographies). The present book and its presentation to Napoleon comes from this time, linking the two even closer. After Napoleon was defeated, the reorganization in France included a reorganization of the École Polytechnique, which was closed during 1816. De Prony lost his position as professor there and was not part of the reorganization committee. However, as soon as the school reopened, de Prony was asked to be an examiner so he continued his connection yet only had to work one month per year.
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CALE, JOHN (+) BOCKRIS, VICTOR.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62763
London, Bloomsbury, 1999 (1997/1998 ?). Folio. Unbound, as issued, unopened in original plastic protection, in the original cardboard box with photographic paper-label to lid and to back. Number 518 out of 1000 copies, signed by Cale. The lid of the cardboard box with very light edge wear, otherwise mint condition. Richly illustrated throughout with photographs, reproductions of manuscripts, artworks, and memorabilia from Cale’s archives. Also included is a copy of the nornmal, unnumbered edition, dated 1999, in the original cardboard-binding with photographic paper-label to front and back board and printed spine. This copy is opened and with the same illustrated contents as the limited signed edition, which is unopened in its original plastic protection. Corners slightly bumped, otherwise a very nice and clean copy. 272 pp. Signed, numbered edition - rarely found in the trade - of John Cale's autobiography, an artwork in itself. Cale was a founding member of the American rock band the Velvet Underground: "arguably the most influential American rock band of our time" (The New York Times, October 3, 2013). The book mixes text, poetry, and collage-like visual material in an experimental narrative reflecting Cale’s avantgarde style. It covers Cale’s early years in Wales, his work with La Monte Young and the Theatre of Eternal Music, his period with The Velvet Underground and his subsequent solo and production career with Nico, Patti Smith, Brian Eno, The Stooges, and others.
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Forord. Morskabslæsning for enkelte Stænder efter…
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KIERKEGAARD, SØREN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62263
Kjøbenhavn, Reitzel, 1844. Small 8vo. 110, (1) pp. Completely uncut in the original blue cardboard-binding. Minimal wear to capitals, and hinges with a tiny tear to front upper and back hinge. Minute paper loss to capitals, and minimal loss to one corner. The printed title-label preserved in its entirety. Brownspotting due to the quality of the paper.A truly magnificent copy in completely original state – almost looks like it came straight off the press. First edition of Kierkegaard's most humorous book, Prefaces, in the very rare original blue binding in truly magnificent state and with the printed title-label preserved in its entirety. Published simultaneously with The Concept of Anxiety, Prefaces can be viewed as its companion piece. It represents an altogether different genre and is the most humorous of all of Kierkegaard’s works, but the two fictional authors of the works interestingly contrast each other. Although having been eclipsed by the now notoriously famous Concept of Anxiety, Prefaces was in fact more popular when it appeared and sold many more copies. Written under the pseudonym of Nicolaus Notabene, the “author” name indicates that despite its humorous approach, Prefaces is still something serious – something to be noted. And it certainly is. It is here that we find Kierkegaard’s sarcastic roasting of the Hegelian system and of the Danish Hegelians with Johan Ludvig Heiberg as the main representant. Through Notabene, he makes fun of Heiberg and Hegel, who both want to explain everything and want to be mediators of understanding. Just as Hafniensis in The Concept on Anxiety poses that “how sin came into the world each man understands solely by himself. If he would learn it from another, he would misunderstand it” (p. 51), so Notabene in Prefaces states that “My frame, my health, my entire constitution do not lend themselves to mediation” (p. 45). In Prefaces we also find Kierkegaard’s thoughts about the relationship between the reading public and the author and his fierce criticism of literary critics and reviewers, among these also Heiberg as well as Martensen, who famously reviewed Either-Or and Repetition respectively. And in the very amusing preface to the Prefaces, we are given another glimpse into Kierkegaard’s thoughts on marriage and the dilemma he found himself in with Regine – the inner struggle between he, who is the husband, and he, who is the author; can one be both? With its challenging notions on the idea of the book and the interaction of the book with its readers, his little ironic masterpiece is a clear forerunner of Postmodernism. “Kierkegaard’s ‘Prefaces’ is a brief though not unimportant work. Themes he develops elsewhere at greater length here are presented with characteristic insight and wit. This richly suggestive text has never received the attention it deserves. William McDonald’s fine translation now makes it possible to assess the importance of ‘Prefaces’ for Kierkegaard’s œuvre and to appreciate its significance for philosophical, literary, and theological issues that are still with us.” (From the review of William McDonald’s 1989 edition of Prefaces in English in the Kierkegaard and Postmodernism-series). Written under a pseudonym and without Kierkegaard’s name appearing as publisher or indeed as anything else, he was unable to give away presentation-copies of the work (due to his own strict set of rules for this). Thus, not a single presentation copy of the work exists. A single copy of the book was in the auction catalogue of his book collection after his death. Himmelstrup 70. The present copy is no. 28 in Girsel's "Kierkegaard" (The Catalogue) which can be found here.
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Das Moderne Plakat. - [THE MAIN WORK OF BELLE…
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SPONSEL, JEAN LOUIS
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62774
Dresden, Verlag von Gerhard Kühtmann. 1897. Large4to. In contemporary half cloth with leather title-label to spine. Light discolouration to upper margins of boards. Inner front hinge quite weak. Internally very nice and clean. VII, 316 pp. + 52 colour lithograph plates and 266 monotone illustrations (included in the pagination). First edition of one of the most important and influential art-historical publications of the Belle Époque. This magnificent work established the artistic poster as a recognised and serious art form. The work provides a comprehensive geographical survey of the principal poster artists of the day and includes 52 colour lithograph plates and 266 monochrome illustrations by Chéret, Toulouse-Lautrec, Steinlen, Grasset, Mucha, Will Bradley, Louis Rhead, and others. Jean Louis Sponsel (1858–1930) was a German art historian and museum director in Dresden, known for his studies on the decorative and graphic arts. Director of the Grünes Gewölbe and scholar of the Kupferstich-Kabinett, he was among the first to recognise the artistic importance of the modern poster. The present work remains a landmark publication, elevating poster design to the status of fine art.
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Huetiana, ou pensees diverses de M. Huet, eveque…
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HUET, PIERRE DANIEL.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62786
Amsterdam, Herman Uytwerf, 1723. 8vo. Bound in a bit later half calf binding with six raised bands with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. All edges coloured in red. Previous owner's name to title-page and internally with light occassional browning. XX, (8), 449,+ (3) pp. Fullpage wood-cut on p. 57. Second edition.
Stadier paa Livets Vei. Studier af Forskjellige.…
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KIERKEGAARD, SØREN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62266
Kjøbenhavn, Reitzel, 1845. Large 8vo. (8), 383 pp. An extraordinary copy printed on very heavy vellum-paper and bound in the mid-20th century in an elegant black half Morocco binding with single gilt lines to boards; double gilt lines and Gothic gilt lettering to spine (bound by Agnete With). Top edge gilt. A bit of brownspotting throughout. With the bookplate of Henning Kehler to inside of front board and with neat pencil annotations to back free end-paper describing the history of the copy. With a handwritten correction on p. 47. Kierkegaard's own copy of the pivotal sequel to his main work Either-Or, one of two copies printed on special paper, with Kierkegaard's own handwritten correction on p. 47. In Either-Or, Kierkegaard had presented the first two stages, the aesthetic and the ethical. In Stages on Life's Way, he continues his work on these stages and moves on to present also the religious stage, which occupies approximately two thirds of the work. The religious stage is that in which man attains a personal relationship with God and that in which man only truly begins to exist, the aesthetic and ethical stages being inadequate. It is in this foundational work, in the religious stage, that Kierkegaard first properly describes what is now known as the "Leap of Faith" (in fact a "leap to faith"), namely the leap that involves willing and belief instead of reason and knowledge, the leap that you take in order to connect to God and which requires that which Kierkegaard calls "the suspension of the ethical". Undoubtedly among Kierkegaard's most brilliant literary achievements, Stages on Life's Way is written in the form of different viewpoints of Kierkegaard's many pseudonymous characters. We have both Hilarius Bookbinder, who by chance has come into possession of the documents presented in the work and has prepared them for printing. We have the famous banquet scene, which mirrors Plato's Symposium, described by William Afham, and in which the three aesthetics participate: Johannes the Seducer, Victor Eremita, and Constatin Constantius. We have Judge William's discourse in praise of marriage, and we have the diary, discovered by Frater Taciturnus, of a young man, who was deeply in love but felt compelled to break off his engagement. This story in form of a diary is the closest one comes to a description of Kierkegaard's own love story, his relationship to Regine. The diary describes an engagement that has lasted for six months; it alternates between the morning notes that recall the engagement and the midnight notes that put it all in perspective. The work closes with a letter to the reader from Taciturnus on the three "existence-spheres" represented by the three parts of the book. Stages on Life's Way is one of Kierkegaard's most important works. Not only does it sum up and explain some of the most important themes of Kierkegaard's previous works, utilizing the characters and pseudonymous authors of the earlier works to do so; it goes beyond these foundational themes, introduces the religious stage, and points to the further development of the central themes in Kierkegaard's philosophy, most of which are only fully developed in Concluding Unscientific Postscript. Written under a pseudonym and without Kierkegaard's name appearing as publisher or indeed anything else, he was unable to give away presentation-copies of the work (due to his own rigid set of rules for his presentation-copies). Thus, not a single presentation copy of the work exists. A single copy of the book was in the auction catalogue of his book collection after his death. In Rohde's edition of the auction-record, this copy and its recent faith is thoroughly described. Like Repetition, Prefaces, and his other seven pseudonymous works, Stages on Life's Way was printed in two copies each on vellum-paper and bound in special bindings, one for Regine, one for Kierkegaard himself. 24 years ago, three of these books surfaced, at an auction in 2002, namely Either-Or, Repetition, and Prefaces, all being the copies Kierkegaard had bound for Regine. Before that, only one single copy of one of these eight titles for Kierkegaard himself or for Regine were known (namely Kierkegaard's own copy of Either-Or, which is in the Danish Royal Library). Seven of the books, Kierkegaard's own copies, were listed in the auction catalogue after his death, but apart from the mentioned copy of Either-Or in the Royal Library, the others had not been found. Kierkegaard's wildly famous love story and failed engagement to Regine Olsen plays a pivotal role throughout Kierkegaard's entire life and work. It all begins in 1837, when Kierkegaard meets the lovely young girl Regine Olsen at a visit to the widowed Cathrine Rørdam. Three years later, in September 1840, after having corresponded frequently with her and visited her on numerous occasions, Kierkegaard decides to ask for her hand in marriage. She and her family accept, but the following day, Kierkegaard regrets his decision and ends up finally breaking off the engagement in October 1841. Disregarding the scandal, the heartbreak (his own included), and the numerous pleas from family members and friends alike, Kierkegaard's tortured soul, still searching for God and for the meaning of faith, cannot continue living with the promise of marriage. Later the same month, he flees Copenhagen and the scandal surrounding the broken engagement. He leaves for Berlin, the first of his four stays there, clearly tortured by his decision, but also intent on not being able to go through with the engagement. As is evident from his posthumously published Papers, Kierkegaard's only way out of the relationship was to play a charming, but cold, villain, a charlatan, not betraying his inner thoughts and feelings. Despite the brevity of the engagement, it has gone down in history as one of the most significant in the entire history of modern thought. It is a real-life Werther-story with the father of Existentialism as the main character, thus with the dumbfounding existentialist outcome that no-one could have foreseen. This exceedingly famous and difficult engagement became the introduction to one of the most influential authorships in the last two centuries. "She was the reason for my authorship", Kierkegaard writes in his Papers, and there is no doubt that several of his most significant works are born out of the relationship with Regine – and its ending. It is during his stay in Berlin, his first of four altogether, right after the rupture of the engagement, that he begins writing Either-Or, parts of which can be read as an almost autobiographical rendering of his failed engagement. After a couple of years, Regine got engaged to someone else, whom she married in 1847. But as is well known, Kierkegaard never married, and the impact of his engagement to Regine and what it made him understand – about himself, about religion, faith, the inner workings of the philosopher and the poet –, never lost its significance. It is evident from the many drafts of a letter that he sent to Regine, through her husband, in 1849 (which was returned to him, unopened) that he had never lain the matter to rest and that the relationship with Regine was still very much alive. He also states in his Notebook 15 from 1849 "By the way, it is certainly the case that my relationship with her has been a very close, present study for me of what faith is. For I know better in this relationship how it is apparently the exact opposite of the foundational. That I have lasted in this relationship has been useful for me in relating to God as a believer." In his Notebook 15, also known as My Relationship with Her, from 1849, Kierkegaard describes how, when he finally broke off the engagement and she tried to get him to stay, she had told him "that she would thank me her entire life for being allowed to stay with me, even if she were to live in a little cupboard" (SKS No. 16: 6). Thus, Kierkegaard had a little cupboard made, with no shelves in it. Here, he kept "everything that reminds me of her and will remind me of her. There is also a copy of the pseudonyms (i.e. the works that he wrote under a pseudonym); of these, there were always only two copies on vellum-paper, one for her and one for me." (SKS: Not. 15:6.). In all, Kierkegaard wrote eight pseudonymous books, Stages on Life's Way being one of them, all of which were evidently printed in two copies each on vellum-paper and bound in special bindings, one for Regine, one for Kierkegaard himself. This splendid copy, which is one of two specially produced copies, being Kierkegaard's own copy, with his own correction (deleting "ikke" – i.e. "not" on p. 47), is nr. 2136 in the auction catalogue of Kierkegaard's books sold after his death. In Rohde's official edition of the auction catalogue, there is a lengthy note on the present copy documenting the more recent history of the copy:"Now: Mogens Müllertz, Copenhagen. Copy on vellum-paper. S.K.,'s own handwritten correction of the printing error "not" on p. 47, cf Papers XI I, p. 36. The previous owner, the author Henning Kehler, has let the book, which was originally in half calf, rebind in black half calf by Agnete With and has pasted his book plate on the inside of the front board. In 1952, Henning Kehler gave the book as a Christmas present to Mogens Müllertz; in an accompanying letter Kehler writes, among other things: "even though the present book is my best and dearest, I still want you to have it. I know of no-one else to whom I would rather dispense with it." In an article "About printing errors", Berlingske Aftenavis 9.11.1963, Kehler touches upon this book gift: "Being a writer I am naturally hardened when it comes to printing errors, no book and no newspaper article is without errors. Søren Kierkegaard, who could even pay others – eg. Israel Levin – to proofread mentions in his Papers a printing error in "Stages on Life's Way", which kept vexing him. It was a "not" that had fallen out. I once owned a copy of the book that had been placed in the palisander book cabinet for Regine, and in that copy, this "not" had been added in ink and in Kierkegaard's handwriting. I gave the book to a book-mad collector – under false pretenses, alas." – Identification of the copy uncertain." (pp. 110-11).Although Kehler is mistaken in the correction being adding a "not" instead of deleting one, there is no doubt that this is the copy he is referring to. The sentence on p. 47, in which the correction occurs reads "Pro dii immortals what is a woman, when she is not in fashion, per deo obsecro what is she when she is not (this being the "not" that Kierkegaard has deleted here and was vexed about) in fashion".This copy on very heavy paper – one of the two printed like this – is approximately 1/3 thicker than normal copies of the book.The pencil annotations on the back free end-paper bear witness to the previous owner's frustration at Kehler for having tampered with the copy. After stating that this is Kierkegaard's personal copy, one of two on vellum-paper and copy nr. 2136 from the auction catalogue, he continues: "The copy used to have all edges gilt, a few leaves still have remains of this. The edge has been shaved at the ruthless rebinding that Henning Kehler in his complete lack of understanding of what he possessed had done." On Kehler's bookplate, the same previous owner has noted in neat pencil-annotation "bibliophile vandal".In spite of the frustration with this particular book having been rebound and not kept exactly as it was, this is still an utterly amazing copy of one of Kierkegaard's most important works – hands down the best copy there is of the work. Namely Kierkegaard's own, with his own correction, one of two printed on heavy paper, one for Regine, one for himself. We must be thankful that, despite the "vandalism" of the rebinding, the book is still here and identified as that same copy that Kierkegaard had made for himself. Himmelstrup 78.
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A. En Flygtig Bemærkning betræffende en Enkelthed…
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KIERKEGAARD, SØREN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62268
(København), 1845. Large 4to (33 x 24, 8 cm). 2 columns to a page. Columns 15145 – 15160. 4 ff. + 1 f. (Følgeblad til Nr. 1890). Kierkegaard’s article is printed as a feuilleton at the bottom of the pages, beneath a printed double-line (this section is reserved for the serials), and runs from columns 15147-15153 + 15155-15159. Marginal dampstaining. The exceedingly scarce original printing of the two issues of The Fatherland that contain Kierkegaard’s highly important article on the performance of Don Giovanni at The Royal Theatre of Copenhagen in 1845. The present paper entitled A Cursory Observation Concerning a Detail in Don Giovanni, signed “A”, is of great importance in connection with Either-Or, to which Kierkegaard indirectly refers twice. The paper is in two parts and was printed over two numbers of The Fatherland, Monday 19th of May and Tuesday 20th of May, 1845. The occasion that prompted the paper was the re-staging of Don Juan at the Royal Theatre on February 23rd, 1845. Last time, Don Juan had been performed at The Royal Theatre was the season of 1839-40, where Kierkegaard was certainly also present. The first part of Either-Or contains “A’s Papers” (note that the present paper is signed by “A” as the author); it is in this part of the work that we find the chapter about the erotic stages, The Immediate Erotic Stages, Or The Musical-Erotic, which is devoted to the music of Mozart, in particular Don Juan. For Kierkegaard, Don Juan represents sensuality. And there is no other place where the untamed power of nature is better expressed than in Mozart’s Don Juan. Mozart’s Don Juan influenced Kierkegaard more than any other work of art, and throughout his life he returns to just how magnificent it is – “A work of genious that carries the touch of eternity”. Together with The Immediate Erotic Stages, Or The Musical-Erotic in Either-Or, the present article is Kierkegaard’s most important printed piece on Don Juan. When Nielsen collected and published Kierkegaard’s newspaper articles posthumously, in 1857, he apparently did not realize that Kierkegaard was also the author of the present pseudonymous paper and did not include it in his publication. It appeared as a separately published appendix two years later, in 1859, with remarks about the references to Either-Or. Fædrelandet – litterally translated as ”The Fatherland” – was a Danish newspaper that was founded in 1834 and existed until 1882. In the beginning it appeared weekly, but in 1839, it began appearing daily. With its cultural and political contents, it soon became the leading paper of the national liberal opposition. The paper was the most important paper in Kierkegaard’s time and the one that more than any other influenced public opinion. During the first years of its existence, the paper had numerous different publishers and editors. It also ended up in numerous controversies with the censorship authorities, resulting in many trials and fines. From May 1841, the editors of the paper were Carl Ploug and J.F. Giødwad. The latter would come to play an enormous role in Kierkegaard’s authorship, as would The Fatherland itself. Giødwad was one of the very few people that Kierkegaard has ever characterized as a “personal friend” (SKS 21 214,10). It is very likely that this friendship was initiated in 1842, when Kierkegaard published his first paper in The Fatherland, Aabenbart Skriftemaal. We know that from the Christmas of 1842, Giødwad helps with the proof reading of Either-Or and is thus clearly one of the most trusted people in his life. As we shall see later, it was also Giødwad, who represented Kierkegaard in dealings with publishers and printers, when it had to do with the pseudonymous writings, thus protecting Kierkegaard’s pseudonymity and shielding him from the public. Giødwad himself said that Kierkegaard initially got a favourable impression of him when at some point he had dismissed a reader, who wished to know who was behind an anonymous paper published in The Fatherland (see A.D. Jørgensen’s statement from 1885 in Kirmmsee, Søren Kierkegaard truffet, p. 88). Kierkegaard trusted Giødwad completely, and thereby also The Fatherland. Apart from his four earliest papers in Kjøbenhavnsposten (see nr. 1 above), The Fatherland was the only paper Kierkegaard would publish in. During its entire existence, The Fatherland would be published in ca 2.000 copies, making it of the utmost scarcity today. Almost all copies of it have been destroyed, thrown out, worn, etc., and it is extremely rare on the market. The few issues we have at the moment are the only ones from this period that we have ever seen for sale. Himmelstrup 84. The present copy is no. 33 in Girsel's "Kierkegaard" (The Catalogue) which can be found here.
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